4. Programs

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Society, Culture, and Security

Should Canada Enhance Its Defence Posture Amid the Russia-Ukraine War?

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau had expressed concern that the risk of direct involvement by NATO forces in the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine threatened to escalate tensions and lead to a wider conflict with Russia. However, since then, he has committed Canada to bolstering Ukraine’s war effort. This raises the complex issue of whether Canada should increase defence spending Read More…
NATO and Canada

Assessing the Justification for NATO’s Military Intervention in the Kosovo War: A Humanitarian and Political Analysis

This article presents a critical evaluation of Michael Ignatieff’s essay titled “Is Military Intervention Over Kosovo Justified?”, which features a written debate with Robert Skidelsky on NATO’s military involvement in the Kosovo War of 1998 through an exchange of letters. Ignatieff supports NATO’s intervention in Kosovo, while Skidelsky does not.
NATO and Canada

To What Extent Is the NATO-Russia Founding Act Being Violated?

The NATO-Russia Founding Act, signed in 1997, established a framework for NATO-Russia cooperation and outlined mutual respect and cooperation principles. This commitment includes recognising the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of all states in the Euro-Atlantic region (including Ukraine) and refraining from using or threatening to use force against any state actor. In particular, Section Read More…
Women in Security

The Power of Women in Peacekeeping and its Promise for Security

It’s no secret that much of the scope of international relations, especially the security sector, is a world dominated by men. In high-level political forums, military zones, negotiation processes – women are still largely outnumbered by men in these spaces. However, the power of women in peacekeeping and peace operations cannot go understated.  Women who Read More…
Cyber Security and Emerging Threats Touraj Riazi

Who is Responsible for Protecting Canada’s Critical Infrastructure: A Conversation with Imraan Bashir

Imraan Bashir is Partner and National Public Sector Cyber Lead at KPMG in Canada. Prior to joining KPMG, Imraan directed the policy, strategy, implementation, and oversight of Government of Canada enterprise-wide cyber initiatives, including leadership of key programs such as cloud security and digital identity. Imraan was named one of the world’s top 100 most Read More…
Cyber Security and Emerging Threats

The Importance of Cyber Security Vigilance: The  Experience of Ukraine  

The Russian invasion of Ukraine passed its one-year anniversary on February 24th this year, without a clear end to the war in sight. Russia has gained and lost territory, while Ukraine holds Kyiv and is stubbournly defending Bakhmut with the aid of foreign arms and funding. This situation is reminiscent of the conventional wars of the Read More…
Energy Security

A Trans-Balkan Pipeline Is the Next Project for EU’s Accelerated Energy Cooperation with Azerbaijan

Other than Norway, Azerbaijan is amongst the most plausible sources for increased European imports of natural gas in the near future. Therefore, it is little surprise that on April 25, its President Ilham Aliyev attended the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) by the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijani Republic (SOCAR) with the Read More…