4. Programs Energy Security

Germany’s Misguided Rejection of Nuclear Power

In the early 2000s, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder convinced his government to take the decision to phase out all German nuclear power plants by 2036. This decision would eventually make Germany more dependent on the Nord Stream 1 (NS1) pipeline, which entered service in 2011 and runs under the Baltic Sea directly from Russia. Schroeder’s Read More…

Energy Security

South Caucasus Gas Transport and European Energy Security

Last summer, before the Second Karabakh War broke out between Armenia and Azerbaijan in autumn, the Turkish company BOTAS opened a tender to construct a gas pipeline from Igdir into the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan, which is surrounded by Armenia and Iran but has a short border with Turkey. Nakhchivan has relied principally on gas Read More…