Canada Christopher Maternowski Europe Germany

Toward a “Green Diplomacy”: The Case of the Canada-Germany Hydrogen Alliance

In August 2022, Canada and Germany formed energy and mineral partnerships. This article considers the successes and limits of Canada’s evolving effort to align energy security with the imperatives of climate change.

Society, Culture, and Security

Special Report: Germany Must Abandon Ostpolitik

For over fifty years, Germany hoped that a conciliatory approach predicated on close economic ties, and diplomatic and cultural rapproachement in its Russia policy – commonly known as Ostpolitik – would warm Russia to the West. Two Russian invasions of Ukraine and many sanctions later, it has become abundantly clear that Berlin’s orthodox policy towards Moscow has Read More…

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Ukraine’s Central Role in Europe’s Energy Security

Gas transit through Ukraine is a matter not just of energy security but of national security for Ukraine and other countries in the wider region. Russia showed its willingness to the weaponize gas trade when it cut off supplies to Ukraine and Europe in the middle of winter in 2006 and 2009. Many believe that Read More…

Energy Security

European Natural Gas Geopolitics on a Collision Course?

Following the Dutch discovery of the Groningen field, and British, Norwegian and Danish discoveries in the North Sea during the 1960s and 1970s, natural gas appeared to offer Europe an opportunity to decrease its dependence on Middle Eastern oil. However, demand for gas quickly outpaced supply, leading West European buyers increasingly to rely on Soviet Read More…

Dr Robert M Cutler Energy Security

Turkey’s Place in Euro-Caspian Energy Development

Two extremely important events for Turkey’s energy policy took place within days of each other at the end of May and in early June. The first was the formal opening of the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC). The second was the order, by Dutch courts, that Gazprom’s assets in The Netherlands should be frozen. That court Read More…